Starvation caused drastic reduction in total haemocyte count (THC) on day 4 in adults of both the sex of Dysdercus Koenigii. Starvation also significantly affected the differential haemocyte count (DHC). In the present insect mainly five types of haemocytes are reported for example Prohaemocytes (PRs), Plasmatocytes (PLs), Granulocytes (GRs), Adipohaemocytes (ADs) and Oenocytes (OEs). One type Vermicytes (VEs) is also reported but it is found during some stages of life of insect. Starvation caused drastic decrease in PLs population on day 4, but increase in population of ADs and OEs were noticed on the same day. Starvation also induced vacuole formation and degeneration in PRs, PLs, and GRs.

 Azygia species (Looss, 1899) (Digenea: Azygiidae) was collected as a freshwater eel, Mastacembelus armatus Central India. The specimen is characterized by having ventral sucker smaller than oral sucker, vitelline fields arises close proximity of the ventral sucker and extends up to the tips of intestinal caeca, gonads positioned in the posterior last quarter region of the body. Testes symmetrical, tandem and saucer shaped. Ovary is median, pre-testicular while bipartite cirrus sac is pre-acetabular. This is the first morphometric description on this rarely occurring trematode from the Bhopal region and new species proposed as A. bhopalensis n. sp.

 Cyprinus carpio was fed on different types of plant and animal feed to study its food utilization and energy budget. Amongst the plant diet, the rate of maximum consumption, absorption and metabolization of food was recorded in Vicia faba (5.31 ±1.20; 2.76 ±2.70 and 2.56 ±0.15) respectively. Maximum food conversion rate was noted in Amaranthus spinosus (0.30 ±0.03). Whereas in animal diet, it was egg white (9.66 ±0.90; 7.22 ±1.02 and 7.21 ±0.08) respectively. Maximum food conversion rate was observed in Brassica oleracea (1.00 ±0.21) with respect to overall energy budget. With reference to the overall energy budget in relation to weight and time, maximum consumption in Vicia faba (0.17 ±0.04), absorption in Brassica oleracea (0.65 ±0.07), metabolization and conversion of food in Amaranthus spinosus (0.56 ±0.00 and 0.01 ±0.00) was observed among the plant diet. Whereas in animal diet, maximum consumption, absorption and metabolization of food was noted in egg white (0.32 ±0.03; 0.24 ±0.03 and 0.24 ±0.00 respectively) and conversion rate in bloodworm (0.03 ±0.00). Egg white provided the maximum overall energy budget. Studies of such sort are essential as it portrays the bioenergetics schemes in Cyprinus carpio.

 Catfishes globally find importance due to high demand as human food, angling sport and aquariums purpose. In India, catfishes are found in abundance and are equally exploited through decades. In this study, five families viz. Sisoridae, Siluridae, Clariidae, Bagridae and Heteropneustidae representing 6 genera, 16 species were subjected to phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. The pairwise genetic distance among catfishes based on cytochrome b was found maximum between Mystus bleekeri and Clarias magur (28.5%), minimum between Glyptothorax ventrolineatus and Glyptothorax granules (5.2 %) and overall mean genetic distance among cat fishes for cytochrome b was 0.208 via composite maximum likelihood method. The overall Conserved site, Variable site, Parsim-info site and Singleton site of Cytochrome b gene in cat fish species were found 265/479, 214/479, 168/479 and 46/479. The genus of family Siluridae, Clariidae, Sisoridae respectively formed separate monophyletic clade in phylogenetic tree. Clariidae and Heteropneustidae species found in a same clade which shows that it has some evolutionary relationship. The evolutionary history of family Sisoridae, Siluridae, Clariidae, and Heteropneustidae will provide the foundation to understand the origin and diversification of most of the species of catfish in India.

 Studies were carried out in natural forest region of Arunachal Pradesh. Three habitats differing in altitude, soil type, forest type, average annual temperature. 1. Itanagar is mountainous, forming part of eastern Himalayas with altitude 400-500 MSL. It is the land of lush green tropical evergreen forest and beautiful plateau. 2. Tirap is situated in a peculiar geographical setting with the altitude 1200-1300 MSL, the vegetation of the district largely consist of tropical and subtropical evergreen forest with rich and varied fauna. The topography is largely influenced by the terrain marked by high hills, deep ravines and valleys through which the stream and rivers flow. 3. Tawang district falls under higher Himalayan Agroclimatic subregion (Alpine), which experiences snowfall. Remaining portion of the district represents sloping mountains of lesser himalayan range which experience a cool and pleasant climate. The samples were mainly collected from lacer lesser Himalayan range with the altitude 3000-3500 MSL. One hundred and three genera belonging to 33 families were recorded from studied material. Total number of nematodes in investigated sites ranges from 1105-14782 x10³ind/ m². The number of families that involved genera determined in particular sites was ranging from 26-33. Shannon Index of diversity for genera was lowest in Itanagar followed by Tawang and Tirap sector. Nematode communities dwelling particular sites differ in structure and composition. Acalculation for mean abundance and percent share of each nematodes genus in three regions showed that, in Itanagar, the genus Axonchium was eudominant and Helicotylenchus, Iotonchus and Dorylaimoides were dominant genera. In Tirap, no eudominant genus was found with Axonchium, Eucephalobus, Helicotylenchus and Dorylaimoides as dominant genera, while in Tawang Dorylaimellus, Ironus, Helicotylenchus, Axonchium, and Actinolaimus were the dominant genera with no eudominant genus recorded. In all the three regions, the genera Axonchium and Helicotylenchus were the dominant groups. Sørensen’s index calculated for pairs of analyzed sites was relatively higher with Itanagar –Tirap 68%, Tirap – Tawang 60% and Itanagar –Tawang 60% respectively. 30 % (31 genera) of genera were common to three regions

 In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of exogenous hormonal treatment on changes in haematological indices in a fresh water mud eel teleostean fish, Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch). The treatment of T , T Methyl-testosterone, Hydrocortisone, ACTH, Adrenaline, Phentolamine 4 3, and Growth hormone (GH) brought significant (P<0.05) increase in TEC counts, Hb, PCV and oxygen carrying capacity, as compared to control group. The MCV, MCHC and SAE showed decreasing trend. Thiouracil failed to alter changes in these parameters to a significant level. The details have been discussed in this paper.

 In the present work an attempt has been made to evaluate the bottom biota through species diversity in a polluted pond (Lilashah Pokhra) at Duraundha Block, Siwan District. The dominant species were Chironomas and Vivipera bengalensis. The physico-chemical parameters of the pond water (such as pH, DO , Free CO , Chloride, Alkalinity, Hydrochloride, Carbonate and Bicarbonate, Nitrate, Silicate and Iron 2 2 etc.) have also been studied. The details have been discussed in this paper.

 Studies on chronic toxicity (for 10, 20 and 30 days) of sublethal concentration of a heavy metal, Zinc Sulphate (8.82mg/l) on certain haematological indices have been made in an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Except MCV and MCHC (which showed increasing trend), most of the blood parameters such as RBC counts, Hb content, PCV, MCH and WBC or total leucocytes counts showed statistically significant decrease as compared to control after chronic treatment of Zinc Sulphate. The reason for such changes has been discussed in this paper