STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF HAEMATOLOGY OF TWO SILUROID FISHES DURING DIFFERENT RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
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The bats Pteropus giganteus (Brunnich,1782) are confined to tropical countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, China, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Accordingly they are to face the severity of extreme heat during summer. But, to ensure their survival they have developed the art to combat the heat shock to overcome the effect of dehydration. In course of studies on R giganteus occurring at Simla (23^22’44.20″ N, 86^38’47.02″ E), Purulia of West Bengal, on the way of regular visit to the roosting site concerned it is revealed that, while atmospheric temperature exceeded 42-4^ C and the area was succumbed with loo, the bats were seen to (i) change their hanging posture by keeping the back portion of the body towards south and the front portion towards north, especially during 11.30 am to 3.30 pm; (ii) use their right wing as a fan to provide wind to the body through regular flapping; (iii) change the hanging posture little bit to ensure flapping of the wing by the fellow colony members; (iv) select the roosting tree very close to a waterbody; (v) dip belly at the surface water of the water body during afternoon, and licking water from the body surface following sheltering at the hanging site. Besides, they are also cautious in selecting the roosting trees having suitable canopy configuration so as to minimise the penetration of direct sunlight, at least to avoid the exposure of the direct sunlight It is to be mentioned here that during the years the atmospheric temperature some time raise up to 48^0. Thus, in several occasions many pregnant and aged individuals were seen dead lying on the ground beneath the roosting tree, perhaps being unable to overcome the heat-induced hazards. It is concluded that the bat population in tropical country are at the verge of extinction perhaps with the gradual rising of atmospheric temperature – the global warming.
The genus Krimi was established by Burt in 1944 with its type species K. chrysocolaptis,from Chrysocolaptis guttacristatus stricklandi,in Ceylon. Nine specimens of Cestode parasites were collected from the intestine of Gallus gallus domesticus. The present cestode have 55-60 number of strobilla; scolex large, rectangular in shape;rostellar sac large, extends up to the middle of the scolex; 18rostellarhooks; testes 25 to 30in numbers; cirrus pouch medium, oval; ovary is bilobed,each lobe with 7-8 acini;ootype small, oval; gravid proglottids large, broaderthan long.
Pesticides are common environmental contaminants incorporating in the food chain due to their indiscriminate use and persistence. The Bioaccumulation of lindane (organochlorine pesticide) is a major threat to human health. We are looking for phytochemicals which may enhance its metabolism and excretion. The ameliorating effect of curcumin (Phenolic phytochemical obtained from turmeric) against lindane induced hematoxicity was studied in wistar rats. Lindane (30mg/kg bw) exposure significantly (P<0.001) decreases the level of Hb, RBC, lymphocytes, mixed cells (eosinophils, basophils, monocytes), PCV and ESR, significantly (P<0.001) increases WBC and neutrophils as compared to control. Pre and post-treatment with curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) ameliorated lindane induced hematotoxicity. However, curcumin co-administered with lindane did not show any ameliorating effect. Lindane hematotoxicity persisted after 14 days of metabolism indicating its persistence.
An investigation on species composition, abundance and habitat association of small mammals in Damot Mountain Forest Priorities Protected Area, Wolayita Zone was carried out from August 2011 to February, 2012 during wet and dry seasons. Trapping was conducted in five habitats types, bushland, Erica forest, grassland, farmland and bamboo with mixed forest. Forty nine live-traps were used to capture the small mammals. A total of 421 individual animals were captured in 2940 live-trap nights. The small mammal species trapped were Lophuromys flavopunctatus (37.5%), Stenocephalemys albipes (24.2%), Pelomys harringtoni (14.3%), Arvicanthis abyssinicus, (12.6%), Arvicanthis niloticus (7.6%), Mus mohamet (1.7%), Crocidura flavescens (1.4%) and Lemniscomys zebra (0.71%). The distribution and abundance of small mammals showed variation between habitats. The highest mean trap success was recorded from bushland (25.2%) while the least was from Erica forest (6.4%). Abundance of small mammals was higher during the wet season than dry season.
An effective attempt was made to study the conservation status of the fishes naturally occurring in perennial pond of Khanwari village of Kaushambi district of Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted during all the 12 months of year 2015. During exploration, a total of 27 species of fishes belonging to 19 genera, 15 families and 8 orders were identified. As per latest version of IUCN Red List, out of 27 species of fishes identified, 2 species come under NT (near threatened), 18 under LC (least concern) and 7 species are NE (not evaluated) so far.
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In the present work an attempts has been made to study the effect of few exogenous hormones on aquatic, aerial and total oxygen consumption (cc/kg/h) and equivalent energy utilization (E.E.U, K.Cal/hr) in an air breathing murrel teleostean fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) with a view to assess whether or not these hormones have calorigenic action in this fish. Treatment with hydrocortisone, testosterone propionate and L-thyroxine brought significant increase in total oxygen uptake as compared to control fishes. The aerial oxygen uptake did not dffer to significant level in hydrocortisone treated group but in testosterone and L-thyroxine treated group it increased to a significant level. On the other hand, treatment with adrenaline, progesterone and thiouracil brought significant decrease both in aerial and total oxygen uptake as compared to control. The resons for such changes in bimodal oxygen uptake after the treatment with different hormones have been discussed in this paper.
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‘In the present work an attempt has been made to study the effect of an organochlorine (MeritAlpha or Prophenofos) and an organophosphate (Mardo orAlpha Cypermethrin) pesticides on changes in acid and alkaline phosphatases in brain, liver and mucles in a freshwater major carp, Catla catla (Ham.). In the present study the inhibition in the activities of all the enzymes, assayed were found to be increased with the increase in the exposure of pesticides. Mardo and Merit Alpha were equally sensitive to both acid and alkaline phosphatase. The details have been discussed in this paper.
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In the present work an attempt has been made to study total Cu-Zn SOD (Super oxide dismutases) activity (Units.mg-1 protein) in the liver of Labeo rohita (Ham.) collected from six different experimental sites (namely River Sone, River Koshi, Near Saharsa, River Ganga at Buxar, Patna, Mokama and Barh). Total SOD (antioxidant defence system) in liver were lowest at Buxar and Patna site of river Ganga and highest at Barh. Cu-Zn SOD were lowest at Buxar and highest at Barh. Mn-SOD activities were lowest at Patna and highest at Barh. The reason for such variations in SOD activities in liver tissues in a fresh water major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) has been discussed in detail in this paper.
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Arsenic poisoning in ground water of Gangetic zone of Bihar causes lots of health issues to human. LD50 is a primary screening step for the evaluation of the toxic properties of a compound. The objective of present work to calculate the oral LD50 and MPD of sodium arsenite in mice. The present research, different doses like 10, 15, 18, 20, 25 and 30mg/kg body weight of Sodium arsenite was given orally by gavage method to the six different groups of Mus musculus. Signs and symptoms of toxicity and probable death of mice were observed on 1st day and then on 2nd, 3’d, 4th and 5th days to calculate the Median lethal dose (LD5O) and maximum permissible dose (MPD) of Sodium arsenite. The LD50 was found to 18 mg/kg body weight after oral administration in Swiss albino mice. Finally, MPD of Sodium arsenite by oral route in mice was found to be 2 mg/kg body weight.
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The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the magnitude of physico-chemical parameters in river system (namely river sone, river koshi near Saharsa, river Ganga at Buxar, Patna, Mokama and Barh) with a view to assess its suitability for fish growth and other purposes. The parameters studied were pH, temperature, D02, salinity and soluble or suspended inorganic constituents. DO2 of these sites have significant differences. Barh site of river Ganga was most suitable for fish growth and development while Buxar was most unfavourable site as evidenced by faunistic studies. The details have been discussed in this paper.
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The present work is an endeavour to study the toxic effects on certain biochemical constituents (such as total carbohydrate, total protein and total lipids) of Mardo (orAlpha cypermethrin, an organophosphate) and Merit Alpha (or prophenofos, an organochlorine) in hepatic and muscular tissues of Catla catla after chronically exposing (15 and 30 days) the fishes to the toxicant. These pesticides caused significant decrease in total carbohydrate, total protein and total lipid both in the muscle and liver tissues in the fresh water Indian major teleostean carp, Catla catla (Ham.). The reasons for such changes have been discussed in detail.
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The present work is an endevour to study the effect of thermal tolerance in a fresh water air breathing climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). The LC„ value of thermal tolerance of this fish (weighting 35.0±1.0g) was recorded to be 39.5±0.13°C. The L-thyroxine and thiourea treated fish showed statistically significant increase and decrease respectively in their thermal tolerance. The details of the mechanism has been discussed in this paper.
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The life cycle of Earias vitella Fabricius was completed on a cotton plant Gossypium hirsutum. It is a serious pest of cotton, and damages 75% of cotton which results poor production of the cotton crop. The present paper deals with the life cycle of Earis vitella Fabricius on a new vegetable plant Abelmoschus esculentus in Ramgarh (Jharkhand, India).
The life cycle Earias vitellaFabricius was studied during the year 2019 -2020 at Ramgarh .During the study it was found that the pest completed 6 to7 overlapping generations in a year. The pest enters the fruits of vegetable and protect themselves from the birds and cause a damage to the vegetables. The lady’s finger is a healthy and tastier vegetable, rich in carbohydrate, minerals and fibres . The pest damage the cultivated vegetable plants and cause loss not only the quality and quantity of the vegetables but also the profit of the farmers.
Ramgarh is a district town, the rural area is known for gross vegetable production, and marketing of the vegetables. The climatic condition of Ramgarh is moderate and suitable for vegetable production.
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Foraging behaviour of the ants Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotous compressus, Crematogaster subnuda, Meranoplus bicolor, Monomorium pharaonis, Pheidole roberti and Tetraponera rufonigra was studied following supply of different food items in the open foraging ground with a view fo note the interactions, if any. /t is revealed that, in spite of available foods at the supplying sites Paratrechina longicornis, Pheidole roberti, Anoplolepis gracilipes and Tetraponera rufonigra are habituated to face the food-snatching operations initiated either by the foragers of the same species belonging to different colonies or by the other competing species who are very much involved in sharing the food resources from the same foraging area. Food-snatching event is associated with the abrupt and brutal attack by the snatcher ant on the ants carrying food to their nest. Thus, fighting in most cases was inevitable and many of the food—transporting ant individuals were seen injured severely. The food snatching behaviour exhibited by these ant species was not only to ensure the need of their food but also a strategy to treat the competing ant species psychologically by imposing fearful threat, as a dominant species, not to visit the said foraging ground again, in future.