Climatic changes are occurring all over the world, especially developing countries. Frequency and Intensity of disasters are increasing because of such changes. Uttarakhand state of India, which lies in the hilly regions of Himalayas, has seen many climatic natural disasters in the recent past. The region is prone to and very sensitive to occurrence of natural disasters, as it lies in ecologically fragile and geologically sensitive area. The glacial disaster which occurred in February 2021, has caused loss of lives of people, besides damaging under construction mini hydel projects, due to flash floods. Construction activities due to 816 km char Dham highway in the state is playing havoc with the ecosystem there. Suitable actions need to be taken at the earliest to prevent such type of disasters in the future.

The present study was conducted in a pond of Saharsa district of Bihar during April 2018 to June 2019.  The physico-chemical and the biological parameters were analyzed by using standard methods. The parameters considered were Colour, Odour, Temperature, pH, Turbidity, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Mg2+ hardness, Ca2+ hardness, Nitrate,Phosphate, DO, BOD and Chloride.

During the study the colour and the odour of the water bodies were recorded as normal one. Temperature was 320C- 10°C . the pH was recorded 6.9-8.6 during the study period. Turbidity found 20 NTU -1.2 NTU. The EC was high in the winter and low during the summer. TDS recorded high at site 1 and site 2 during monsoon season. At some site TDS values recorded high 1445 mg/I during the summer also. The minimum TDS was recorded as 342.4 mg/I at site 1 during the winter. Total Alkalinity was recorded high (360 mg/I) during winter at site 4 and minimum was recorded during monsoon at site 2. Dissolved Oxygen recorded maximum 12.47 at site 2 and the minimum 0 at site 4. There was sewage water and other effluents released into the pond t site 4, which may be one of the reason forgetting zero value of DO.

BOD also recorded high at site 4. Among biological parameters phytoplankton and zooplankton were counted by using Sedwitch rafter chamber. The total count per ml and per liter was calculated for all the four sites. There are total 33 plankton species per ml were recorded. Out of this 27 were phytoplankton while rest zooplankton species. Among phytoplankton Chlorophyceae were more abundant during monsoon season while Bascillariophyceae were recorded maximum during the summer and winter season. Plankton (both phytoplankton and zooplankton) shows correlation either positive or negative with physico-chemical parameters especially against temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total hardness, Total Alkalinity, DO, BOD and Nitrates. The site 3 and the site 4 shows some signs of eutrophication.

The most favourable edible plant of the world is Potato, the people of all age group living in different part of the world like it. It is a delicious as well as nutritive food item.lt is rich in carbohydrate, fibres, calcium and vitamins and it is one of the cheapest source of energy for the animals. The vegetable Solenum luberosum (potato)is lack of fat, Cholesterol and releasing very slow calories recommended it as a healthy food for the people.

The farmers of Ramgarh produces abundant quantity and good quality of Solenum luberosumand supply it to the markets of different cities of country through roads and rails.Ramgarh’s potato is considered to be one of the best quality in its kind,the people like it and they specially demand as Ramgarhia aloo for it. The farmers get sound earning after sale the potato throughout the year.

The vegetable pest Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Febricius, is a serious pest of cucurbitaceous family rarely found on solanaceous plant. The larvae and the adult of this pest damage the aerial and green part of crop. The vegetable Solenum luberosum is a modified stem developing underground as bulb so infestation was not serious, sometimes 10% to 20% of the aerial shoot of the crop of the field destructed by the pest. The pest damage the crop in such a way that the size of tuber were small, their shape, number of tuber and the total production declined. It also damaged the marketing of the crop.

The life cycle was studied during the year 2018 -2020 at Ramgarh .During the study it was found that the life-cycle of pest was very simple generally it was completed 07 to 08 overlapping generations between Februarys to November of theyear. In winter season the pest get in hibernating phase of life in the cracks and crevices or in the soil. The pest damage the cultivated vegetable plants and loss not only the quality, quantity, and taste of the vegetables but also the profit of the farmers.

Ramgarh is a beautiful district town, the rural area is known for agriculture and gross vegetable production, the climatic condition is moderate and suitable for vegetable production. The farmers are advised to control the pest by spraying the chemical pesticides carbaryl 0.2%, Malathion0.05%, or diazinon 0.02%.

The species of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) is one of the most common and familiar species of small singing birds, having conical bills, and feeding chiefly on seeds and insects. This species of birds is noted for its familiarity, voracity, attachment to its young ones, and fecundity. It has co- evolved with man, and is found in almost all parts of world, including India, though, most chiefly, in Europe. But, now-a­days, this species of birds is slowly and gradually becoming uncommon or endangered. Its population is declining day—by-day with much speed, which is a matter of great concern for the whole Earth. These house sparrows, in fact, are the bio-indicators of the environmental health, and so, their disappearance is a warning signal to all of us. The vanishing of sparrows has widely been reported, from all over the world, and the condition is aggravating more and more with the passage of time. Now, the question arises regarding the main factors responsible for such a misfortunate happening. This research paper, therefore, attempts at explaining all those numerous reasons behind the dramatic reduction in the population of house sparrows in last few years. At the same time, it purports at finding solutions to those hurdles which have put a question marks on the long-lasting survival of this tiny creature on the Earth. Obviously enough, this investigation report is extremely significant in order to make people aware of the different causes behind the decline in the population of sparrows and to provide preventive measures among them so that their protection and conservation can be ensured immediately.

Seasonal changes in the body and liver composition (water, lipid and nonlipids), liver weight and LSI (liver smatic-index) were studied fora period of 14 months in an air breathing fish, Channa striatus (Bloch). The lipid content was maximum (10.68%) in November and minimum (5.20%) in May. The variations in the water and lipid of body and liver showed almost identical trend. The water and lipid contents are inversely proportional to each other. The gonadal cycle and fattening of this fish also seem to be inversely related. The lipid and nonlipid contents were higher in males as compared to females but the water content in females was higher than the males. The LSI is males were higherthan the females.

Effect of some hormones and pharmacological drugs on oxygen uptake and equivalent energy utilization (E.E.U.) has been made in an air breathing fish, Mastacembelus armatus (Lac). The value for oxygen uptake (mol2h) and E.E. U. (K.cal/h) in control (45.0±1.5g) were 4.512 Mlo2/h and 0.0216 K.Cal/h respectively. Treatment of hydrocortisone, adrenaline, progesterone and thiouracil bring about significant decrease while the treatment of testosterone and L-thyroxin bring about significant increase in oxygen uptake and E.E. U.

The effect of sublethal concentration of certain pesticides with special reference to synergistic and antagonistic phenomenon on the calorific contents have been studied in an air breathing fresh water siluroid fish, Rita rita (Ham.). The calorific value of the control group of fishes was 3.82K.cal/g dry weight. The treatment of Metacid 50 (A), Dithane M-45 (B) and Kelthane EC (C) bring about significant decrease in calorific values. The combination of A+C, B+C, A+B, and A+B+C make the effect synergistic. The effective hirachy were in the following sequence -A+B>B+C>A+B+C>A+C. The TLm (24 h) values of different pesticides (including various combination) have also been calculated at 28.0±1.00C. The significance of this study as bioindicator and in water quality management has been discussed in this paper.

Studies on the effect of unizeb on oxygen consumption in an air breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) was made. Unizeb caused significant decrease both in aquatic and total oxygen consumption as compared to control. On the other hand exposure of fishes to Unizeb caused significant increase in aerial oxygen uptake. The reason for such changes in oxygen consumption has been discussed.

The present papers deals with the interspecific variations in the circadian rhythms of RBC counts and Hb contents in different species of the genus Mystus. The maximum values of RBC counts and Hb contents were recorded between 9.0 to 11.0 PM. in M. vittatus and between 3.0 to 7.0 PM. in M. cavasius while the M. bleekri behaved differently showing two peaks, first at 9.00 A.M. and next at 1.00 A.M. (night). The relevance and importance of such rhythms in aquaculture have been discussed.